Scandinavian Literature, Sources of modern Swedish literature

Four influences combined to free Swedish literature from petrifying conventions: the English writings of Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, and John Stuart Mill; the French Naturalism of �mile Zola; the drama of the Norwegians Henrik Ibsen and Bj�rnstjerne Bj�rnson; and the criticism of the Dane Georg Brandes. The modern literature growing out of this was first